Thursday, 11 March 2010
Mineral Effects (Table 1). Click on mineral for a list of related articles.
Calcium
  • Deficiency found in muscle fatigue
  • Overall low intake in women
  • Supplementation can reduce cancer risks in post menopausal women
  • Blacks may have higher retention on ingested calcium
  • Intake of 470/mg/day meets bone growth needs of 1-4 year olds
  • Supplementation has positive impact on colon cancer incidence
  • Supplementation has positive effect on lipids during weight loss
  • Deficiency may contribute to insulin insensitivity
 
Iron
  • Fights anemia of cancer
  • Deficiency causes anemia
  • Deficiency high in China
  • Deficiency caused by H. pylori
  • Heme iron uptake
  • Iron handling and anemia of chronic disease
  • Iron deficiency due to gastric bypass
  • Ferrous bisglycinate more effective due to better compliance
  • Resulting from less side effects
  • Iron absorption inhibited by tea and enhanced by Vitamin C
  • Deficiency causes decreased cognitive function
  • Daily intake improves anemia status, while weekly intake only maintains status
  • Ferrous Bisglycinate low dose cookie (3.8mg) 3X a week overcomes anemia
  • Iron deficiency linked to depression
  • Iron absorption in intestines is upregulated in iron deficiency
  • Iron deficiency causes increase in zip metal transporters
  • Iron affects behavior
  • Deficiency of iron in infants decreases motor development
  • Deficiency can cause ovary infertility
  • Better to supplement iron in pregnancy than take chances
 
Copper
  • Deficiency causes hematological abnormalities
  • Modulates cadmium toxicity
  • Role in liver health
  • Improves certain immune functions
  • Important to brain health
  • Deficiency can be cause of bone marrow failure
  • Deficiency associated with atherosclerosis
  • Deficiency is overlooked cause of anemia and neutropenia
  • Deficiency can cause altered cardiac function due to elevated NO Synthases
  • Intake decreases homocysteine and increases gluthathione
  • Deficiency contributes to altered cardiac function
  • Supplementation with copper glycinate increases red cell SOD
  • Has a role in CNS development
  • May be associated with BMI
 
Boron
  • Has estrogenic effects
  • Supplementation may inhibit certain prostate cancer cells
  • Deprivation affects cysteine metabolism in a way that negatively affects bone
 
Cadmium
  • Cadmium displaces copper from metalloproteins
 
Magnesium
  • Deficiency is associated with disease components of Metabolic Syndrome
  • Deficiency incidence is widespread
  • Has neuro-protective effects
  • Administration modulates cadmium toxicity
  • Deficiency a factor in the increase in serum lipids of diabetes
  • Level of intake an indicator of anemia
  • Low in muscle fatigue
  • Palliates skin allergy
  • Absorption mechanism
  • Anti stress effects
  • Deficiency causes small intestine inflammation
  • Supplementation fights gallstone disease in men
  • Role as chronic cell regulator
  • Decreases inflammatory markers (c-reactive protein) in heart failure
  • Deficiency contributes to metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and eclampsia
  • Supplementation improves athletic performance through increasing erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels
  • Little correlation between ionized and total magnesium
  • Intake lowers systemic markers of inflammation
  • Deficiency leads to excess inflammatory response to oxidative stress
  • Deficiency contributes to lens opacifiction
  • Supplementation has positive affect on pediatric asthma
  • Supplementation has positive affect on metabolic profile of diabetics
  • Supplementation reduces symptoms of PMS
  • Deficiency contributes to insulin resistance
  • May be associated with BMI
  • High acid load can cause magnesium deficiency
 
Zinc
  • Deficiency associated with cardiomyopathy  (IDCMP)
  • Oxidative stress fighter
  • Deficiency is a far greater health problem  than previously recognized
  • Deficiency associated with heart abnormalities
  • Deficiency associated with type 2 diabetes
  • High incidence of deficiency in China
  • Anti inflammatory benefits
  • Extends health span (genomic effect)
  • Enhances antioxidant effect
  • Anti-aging effect on immune system
  • Decreases respiratory tract infection
  • Deficiency is higher than believed and is  associated with many real clinical problems
  • Use prevents some alcohol effects on the fetal neurological system
  • Supplementation helps fight pneumonia in  elderly
  • Health impact on 300 enzyme systems
  • Deficiency is pro-atherosclerotic
  • Supplementation suppresses disease activity of ulcerative colitis
  • Loss can be both cause and effect of high blood pressure
  • Deficiency impairs EPO production leading to a decrease in red cell production
  • Supplementation has positive impact on oxidative stress of exercise
  • Has hepato-protective properties
  • Supplementation seen to decrease incidence of infection and decrease oxidative stress
  • Inhibits iron absorption, the degree of which depends on the Zinc/Iron ratio in lumen
  • Impacts cognitive function
  • Can negatively impact iron status
  • Supplementation improves immune response in elderly
  • Deficiency often seen in exclusively breast fed causing skin lesions
 
Selenium
  • Absorption capacity
  • Effect on immune system
  • Positive impact on atherosclerosis seen in diabetics via decreased lesion formation
  • Fights against liver damage
  • Helps prevent gastric cancer
  • Improves lymphocytic function
  • Positive impact on antioxidant activity and glucose homeostasis
  • Deficiency contributes to myopathy
  • Intake of selenium glycinate reduces plasma PSA
 
Phosphorus
  • Too much causes decrease in bone formation and increase bone resorption